F.A.C.E. to FACE

 

F.A.C.E. BULLETIN

4/12/05

 

Dear Friends,

 

Florida Supreme Court Sets Argument Date for School Choice Case: Bush v. Holmes

 

The St. Petersburg Times published John Kirtley’s (Florida PRIDE Scholarship Program), response to their anti choice composition published Sunday the 20th (Test or No Tests?).

 

Great column about “Fudging high school dropout rates”, which appeared in the Naples newspaper.  Star Parker talks about the need to open the education marketplace.

 

Harvard study: Florida voucher threat causes schools to improve.

 

An interesting article regarding lawmakers who send their children to private school.  Unfortunately, there is no discussion as to why these lawmakers who choose to send their children to private schools oppose school choice for low income parents.  Basically they are saying that if they can afford it, they do what’s best for their kid, but you can’t.  So you must stay in a school that doesn’t work for your child even though you will save the state money by transferring.

 

 

Thank you for Stepping Up For Students,

 

Michael A. Benjamin

Executive Director, F.A.C.E.

Florida Alliance for Choices in Education


ALERT

TALLAHASSEE RALLY  6/7/05


* * * * * * * * *

EVENT: 

Florida Supreme Court Sets Argument Date for School Choice Case: Bush v. Holmes

 

DATE/TIME:  

Tuesday, June 7, 2005 at 9 a.m.

 

PLACE: 

Florida Supreme Court

500 South Duval Street

Tallahassee, FL

 

SUMMARY:

 

The Florida Supreme Court has scheduled oral argument for Bush v. Holmes, the legal battle over the state's groundbreaking Opportunity Scholarships school choice program, which enables parents in failing public schools to choose better-performing public or private schools for their children, including religious schools.  The Court will hear the case at 9 a.m. on Tuesday, June 7.

 

The Institute for Justice, the nation's leading legal advocate for school choice, is defending the program on behalf of parents using Opportunity Scholarships and the Urban League of Greater Miami.  Also defending the program are attorneys for the State of Florida.

 

Responding to claims made by lawyers for teachers' unions and other special interests challenging Opportunity Scholarships, IJ argues that decades of Florida practice and precedent have enabled thousands of students to freely choose their schools-including public, private and religious options-using publicly funded scholarships, and there is no reason to change course now.

 

Those opposed to K-12 school choice argue that Opportunity Scholarships are unconstitutional "aid" to religious schools in violation of the Florida Constitution's Blaine Amendment.  The Florida Supreme Court is the first state supreme court to consider the Blaine Amendment, its discriminatory pedigree, and school choice after the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Locke v. Davey

 

IJ points out that not only do Opportunity Scholarships "aid" parents and students-not schools-but they operate just like similar Florida education and social service programs that have for decades allowed aid recipients to freely choose among religious and non-religious service providers.

 

More than 20 state and national organizations joined amicus briefs urging the Florida Supreme Court to uphold Opportunity Scholarships.  Those briefs, as well as Institute for Justice briefs and other background materials, are available online at www.ij.org/schoolchoice/florida.

 


Original Editorial

Jon East, editorial writer

St. Petersburg Times

March 20, 2005

Test or No Tests?

Florida, which hands out more school tuition vouchers than any other state in the nation, is looking this fall to add more. This time, children who score badly on state reading tests would be given money to go to a private school under the presumption they would do better. But the "Reading Compact Scholarship" offers no assurances. In fact, a child could be sent from a public school the state deems academically excellent to a private school whose academic record is a secret.

This educational hypocrisy underlies Florida's rapid expansion of school privatization. Six years and some $440-million after plunging into vouchers, the state has yet to resolve a structural contradiction. Under the sweeping A

reform laws, the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test is the No. 1 measure of success and failure for public schools. Yet most of the voucher schools refuse to use the FCAT.

So no one really knows whether vouchers are working.

"If we're pulling students out of a . . . public school and putting them into a private school, then where is the validation that they're doing better?" asks state Sen. Jim King, R- Jacksonville, a consistent supporter of vouchers. "Just the fact that we moved them doesn't mean they're doing okay. My thing is this: If we spend state dollars, then we have an obligation to make sure the dollars are well spent. To think that we shouldn't do that is simply nonsense."

The reading voucher, which is winding its way through the Legislature, is only one illustration of King's point. The House version says a public school student who scores at Level I on the FCAT reading test for two out of three years should be offered a voucher. (Nearly 350,000 students currently fall into that category.) But the House bill offers only the possibility that a different standardized test might be required and its results viewed by a private research group. Private school lobbyists argue the FCAT is based on a public school curriculum and shouldn't be required in private schools, as though reading is somehow a specialized skill.

The reading voucher would be the state's sixth new voucher program in six years, and it has come a long way from the 52 students who were awarded vouchers in 1999 because their two Panhandle schools were judged to failing. By conservative estimates, Florida could send $350-million to private schools next year alone. The voucher enrollment could reach 113,000 students, roughly the size of the Pinellas school district. Even removing prekindergarten students from the mix, the voucher enrollment would be larger than 46 of the state's 67 districts.

Yet virtually none of the state's normal educational standards apply.

In most voucher schools, the teachers don't need to be certified, the schools don't need to be accredited, the operators don't have to be screened for possible criminal backgrounds, the students don't have to take the FCAT and they don't have to be held back or denied a diploma because of their performance on any standardized test.

The lack of standards is only part of the problem. The oversight provided by the state Department of Education has been a disaster, leading to at least five administrative and criminal investigations. Here is only a sample of what they have found:

Parents who were prompted to sign powers of attorney at a Panhandle school, which, according to criminal investigators, then signed $146,268 worth of checks for students who no longer attended.

A Tampa Islamic school that was receiving corporate tax vouchers at a time when the FBI claimed it was a base for terrorism.

A Boynton Beach group that took vouchers for disabled students who were being taught in their own homes.

An Ocala businessman in bankruptcy and with a history of racketeering charges who was handed $268,000 in voucher money that he never gave to children.

Two schools in Seminole and Orange counties that had their charters revoked by school boards because of uncertified teachers and declining test scores, only to reopen as private schools supported by state vouchers.

Students receiving more than one voucher because the state wasn't comparing lists from the separate programs.

DOE just appointed its eighth voucher administrator in four years, and lawmakers have grown so weary of the department's embarrassments they turned over the new pre-K program to the Agency for Workforce Innovation.

For those keeping score, the state could soon be running six different voucher programs with three different types of oversight and six different forms of payment. The Opportunity Scholarship, the oldest and smallest program, is offered to students whose schools are deemed to be failing because of low FCAT scores. McKay Scholarships are available to any disabled student. Corporate Income Tax scholarships are for economically disadvantaged students. Virtual school vouchers are for students in kindergarten through eighth grade who are willing to learn at home through a computer. Pre-K vouchers will be available this fall to any 4-year-old. The reading voucher is still in bill form.

The McKay is the most lucrative for entrepreneurs, offering as much as $20,000 per student, depending on the disability. The Corporate Tax voucher offers only $3,500 per student, a sum that stands in curious contrast to the online voucher, which is run with no buildings and few teachers, at a cost of $4,800 per student. Four of the vouchers are overseen by DOE, but the money poured into the Corporate Tax vouchers goes directly to private organizations. Pre- K will be handled through the state's workforce network. The Opportunity Scholarship is the only one based on the theory that a public school is performing badly.

"I think the only reason there hasn't been more of a blending, moving toward some symmetry, has to do with the litigation on the first (voucher program)," says Patrick Heffernan, president of Floridians for School Choice. "Once the litigation runs its course, I think we can begin to deal with the piecemeal approach."

The litigation, now before the Florida Supreme Court, questions whether the state can spend tax money to send students to religious schools. But the constitutional issue bears little relation to the political battle over accountability. One reason the state has failed to bring true oversight and organization to this exploding privatization effort is that critics have been branded as enemies. The two voucher plans that do require FCAT testing are by far the smallest, and private school operators who want no testing and few standards are a potent political force.

Florida is also becoming a haven for national voucher groups. This last election, a group called All Children Matter pumped $1.6- million - all of it from out of state - into the campaigns of legislative candidates who support vouchers.

As the voucher world has expanded, though, the calls for accountability are coming not just from public school competitors. Some of those who operate respected and credentialed private schools don't want to be lumped in with those who chase government dollars. The Florida Catholic Conference has repeatedly voiced concerns, and even hinted that its schools might not participate in the pre-K vouchers this fall if the state doesn't impose real standards.

"In early '99, when the A

Plan was debated, there was a sense that many private schools could provide a better education," Larry Keough, education associate for the Catholic Conference, said last year. "Now we're at a different place. What we have found is that there have been many dubious types of schools created for the express purpose of drawing down state dollars. As a result, not all the children are being well served."

Legislation to bring financial accountability was blocked in the House last year, and Gov. Jeb Bush and the House are resisting a more comprehensive reform proposed by King this year in the Senate. Bush's education board chairman, Phil Handy, has likened the failings in oversight to "hiccups," and the governor himself has been almost flippant about the lack of checks and balances. In announcing his reading voucher plan, Bush told reporters: "I think it's frankly as American as apple pie to give people choices when what's provided them isn't working."

For better or worse, the governor relies on the FCAT to tell him that "what's provided them isn't working" in public schools. But he has no way to tell whether most of the students on vouchers are succeeding. He and education commissioner John Winn often claim success, but they are generally referring to enrollment increases. One voucher advocacy group, the Manhattan Institute, released a report in 2003 that described McKay voucher schools as "superior" based solely on a survey of parents. Without test results, it had no other source of information.

"My biggest problem with vouchers is that there is not a standard accountability measure," says Wayne Blanton, executive director for the Florida School Boards Association. "Quite frankly, there are some very good public schools and some very good private schools. But until we compare apples to apples, we don't know which ones are doing a good job and which aren't."

As Florida ratchets up the number of private schools getting public money, the excuses are sounding more and more strained. After all, in the Bush view of education, standardized testing is the essential tool to verify whether students are learning. The governor has repeatedly denounced those who claim the FCAT is used in onerous and punitive ways, and President Bush has beaten the same drum in the nation's capital. Just last month, when asked about testing requirements under the federal No Child Left Behind Act, President Bush said: "I've heard every excuse in the book not to test. My answer is, how do you know if a child is learning if you don't test?"

The president's question is one his brother has yet to answer. If the FCAT is to be the engine that drives Florida's education system, how does the governor excuse any school that refuses to use it? That's the Florida voucher conundrum.

Jon East is an editorial writer with the St. Petersburg Times. He can be reached at east@sptimes.com or 727-893-8667.

Response

Education needs drastic reform

Re: Test or no test? March 27.

The main points of this 1,700-word article appear to be that vouchers are rife with fraud and that they are not "accountable." By your own account losses in choice programs amount to less than one-tenth of 1 percent. Do you believe the public schools operate as efficiently? Taxpayers recently spent $60-million just to renovate Jones High School in Orlando during a period when it lost students. The Miami Herald recently detailed losses in the Miami-Dade County public schools in the hundreds of millions.

Florida graduates less than half of its minority children, and yet here in my own Hillsborough County taxpayers will spend $8,523 per child in the public schools this year, according to its published budget. That's just in operating costs - nothing for construction or interest on debt. This situation is more than dire, it is tragic. It calls for drastic reform and trying new ideas. You may be satisfied with the status quo, but low-income parents are not. They are desperate for choices.

We have 12,000 children in the state on tax credit scholarships. Their parents earn an average of $23,000 per year, yet they are willing to pay out of their own pockets to supplement the $3,500 maximum scholarship. By law we can't pay for extra tuition, uniforms or activities fees. The schools they choose are required in both the House and Senate accountability legislation to administer nationally recognized standardized tests such as the Stanford 9. Private schools already face that requirement from parents. They demand testing because they want to know how their children are doing.

You claim that vouchers "avoid the test by which public schools are measured," the FCAT. Yet public schools avoid the much harder test faced by schools taking voucher students: If the child doesn't learn, the parent takes the business elsewhere, just like in the real world. Do you not trust the judgment of these low-income parents to make the right decision for their children? I do, because I have seen them do it.

Let's make a deal to really "level the playing field." Give all low-income parents in Florida the right to choose the best schools for their children, regardless of who runs them. Fund every low-income child the same no matter where they go. Do that, and you will have the moral justification to demand they take whatever test you please.

John Kirtley, Florida PRIDE Scholarship Program, Tampa


Fudging high school dropout rates.

By STAR PARKER, Scripps Howard News Service
April 2, 2005

According to a study recently released by the Civil Rights Project at Harvard University, high-school graduation rates in California are almost 20 percent less than those officially reported by the California Department of Education.

While the state data show 87 percent of high-school students graduating in 2002, the Harvard study says the graduation rate was 71 percent.

More shocking is the snapshot the study provides of minority graduation rates. Statewide, 57 percent of blacks and 60 percent of Latinos graduate from high school. In the Los Angeles Unified School District, 39 percent of Latinos and 47 percent of blacks graduate.

The California Department of Education does not appear to be challenging the data that Harvard is reporting. The state's data seem to ignore the fact that many kids simply drop out of school, generally between the ninth and 10th grades. These dropouts often get conveniently reported by schools simply as transfers.

The Los Angeles Unified School District consists of 782 schools with 742,000 students who are mostly from poor homes. Sixty percent of the schools in the district have at least 80 percent of their students from low-income families, as measured by the number qualifying for free or subsidized school lunches.

Given that education is the principal predictor of future earning power, we are looking here at a classic cycle of poverty. Poor kids incapable of taking advantage of the single resource available to them — education — that can change their lives.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 1999, the earnings of full-time workers without a high-school degree were 77 percent the earnings of those with high-school degrees and 45 percent of those with bachelor's degrees. The gap between education and earnings widens over time. Back in 1975, those without high-school degrees earned 90 percent of those with high-school degrees and 58 percent of those with bachelor's degrees.

Not only are inner-city high schools factories of hopelessness, but as society becomes more complex, with increasing demands for an educated work force, the hole just gets deeper for kids, overwhelmingly black and Hispanic, who are not getting educated.

The No Child Left Behind Act puts performance pressure on non-performing schools to both improve test scores and graduation rates — or face sanctions.

L.A. school Superintendent Roy Romer says the problem is school size. He has a plan to subdivide existing school campuses into smaller schools that will allow more personal attention for students. The Los Angeles Times reports that Romer has a $1 million grant from the Gates Foundation to pursue this project.

I have no reason to question either the diligence or sincerity with which Romer is approaching this prodigious problem. Given the constraints he faces, my guess is he's doing the best he can. However, I have little optimism that he will make much of a difference because the constraints he faces are unreasonable.

The frameworks for standards, reform and sanctions defined by No Child Left Behind are important reforms for our public school system. But the problem is our public school system itself. How do you fix a business that has no competition and for which government itself limits the possibilities for reform?

Poor kids are simply trapped in a government school monopoly where the manner in which education is defined and administered and the values that are conveyed are by and large pre-scripted by a politically correct establishment.

When I log onto the Web site of the National Education Association, the national union of the teachers staffing our public schools, the first thing I see is a headline announcing a study that says "the goals of 'No Child Left Behind' cannot be met without a significant increase in resources." According to the Pacific Research Institute, the L.A. Unified School District spends more than $9,000 per year per student. I am confident that if inner-city parents had $9,000 through a voucher or scholarship to send their child wherever they chose to school, more than one in two would graduate.

Businesses that face competition deliver more and more for less and less. Monopolies deliver less and less for more and more. What else can we expect from the NEA and the government school monopoly than claims that spending is the alleged answer for everything?

Problems today in the inner cities are complex. Many poor families are broken, single-parent homes. This itself is a major predictor for failure in school. Kids from these homes get sent to public schools where prohibitions on providing any framework for values make it impossible to help them find meaning amidst the chaos in which they live. It doesn't take much imagination to predict where this leads.

We can educate these kids. But we need to open the education marketplace, take it out of the hands of the unions and monopolists, and let people who really want to help these families and their children have a chance with them.

Star Parker is president of CURE, Coalition on Urban Renewal and Education (www.urbancure.org), and author of "Uncle Sam's Plantation."


Harvard study: Florida voucher threat causes schools to improve

 

By BRENDAN FARRINGTON

Associated Press Writer

 

TALLAHASSEE, Fla. Gov. Jeb Bush's education accountability plan is working a lot better than his brother's is in getting low performing schools to improve, a Harvard University study found.

 

The stigma of receiving an F grade under the governor's "A+ Plan" combined with the threat of losing students to private schools has led to an increase in test scores, according to the study distributed Tuesday.

 

"At these schools, students performed at a higher level in the subsequent year than did students at similar schools not so threatened," the study said.

 

But President Bush's No Child Left Behind Act doesn't quite have the same impact, largely because the stigma of not making the grade isn't as strong and its school choice provision doesn't have as much of an impact on school districts, the study said.

 

"An accountability system that identifies problems with many schools, while giving few sanctions or incentives to improve, appears unlikely to be of much consequence," it said.

 

In Florida, about 75 percent of elementary schools weren't making "adequate yearly progress" under the president's plan, the study said.

 

While parents in schools that struggle under No Child Left Behind can send their children to public schools in the same district, that's less likely to happen if most of the schools are found not to be making progress, the study said.

 

Florida grades its schools based on how their students score on the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test and rewards schools that improve their grade or consistently make an A. Schools that make a D or an F are assigned an assessment team and students at schools that receive an F two years out of four can receive vouchers to attend private schools.

 

The study found that students in F and D schools made significant gains while student performance in A, B and C schools continued to test at about the same level. Gains were highest in schools faced with losing students to vouchers.

 

"It has worked in Florida," said Martin West, one of the study's authors. "We'll be very interested in following this story and this particular program to see whether these gains that F schools are making at the moment will continue in the future."

 

The FCAT is also used when schools are assessed under the federal No Child Left Behind Act - but there's a twist. The federal law takes into consideration the performance of students in different ethnic groups, students from poor families, disabled students and students who speak limited English. Every group must meet the standard for the school to make the grade under the federal law.

 

Gov. Bush's office was pleased with the Harvard report.

 

"Florida is proud of its students' achievements," said Bush spokeswoman Alia Faraj. "School choice is one of the many important components of the governor's A+ plan. Year after year we have seen our students rise to the occasion and prove that they can succeed."


A survey finds that 39 percent of lawmakers with children in grades K-12 enrolled them in private schools.

 

By RON MATUS, Times Staff Writer
Published
April 6, 2005


Nearly 40 percent of Florida lawmakers with school-age children send their kids to private schools, a rate four times as high as that for parents statewide, a St. Petersburg Times survey has found.

The rate climbs to 60 percent for lawmakers on education committees that make key decisions about K-12 policy and funding.

 

Does it matter?  Some lawmakers say yes.

 

Lawmakers with children in private schools "know there's a problem" with public schools, said Rep. Dennis Baxley, R-Ocala, who chairs the House Education Council and has a child enrolled in Catholic school. "They want to fix the problems for everybody else along with their own kids."

Many public school parents come to a different conclusion.  

 

"They are evidently concerned their own children won't get a quality education" in public schools, said Chris Clark, who chairs the School Advisory Council at St. Petersburg's Perkins Elementary School. It's "a vote of no confidence."

 

Lawmakers are at the mid-point of a legislative session with potentially huge impacts on public schools.

 

They are expected to dramatically expand the use of vouchers, which allow students to transfer out of public schools and attend private schools at state expense. They are considering an end to social promotion in all grades. And they are pushing to temper the 2002 constitutional amendment to reduce class sizes in return for a small teacher pay raise.

 

They also are debating a 5 to 6 percent increase in per-pupil spending - a hike that would still leave Florida near the nation's bottom ranks when it comes to education funding.

 

To do the survey, the Times reached 159 of 160 state lawmakers, either through written or electronic questionnaires or from interviews with the lawmakers or staff members.

 

Only Sen. Jeff Atwater, R-North Palm Beach, declined to answer.

The survey found that 39 percent of lawmakers with children in grades kindergarten through 12 enrolled them in private schools. Sen. Daniel Webster, R-Winter Garden, homeschools his children, and Rep. John Stargel, R-Lakeland, enrolled his in a charter school.

 

Statewide, the percentage of private school enrollment in K-12 is about 10 percent.

 

The Times survey shows a 60 percent private school rate among members serving on the Senate education and education appropriations committees, and on the four House committees with the most direct influence on K-12 policy and funding.

 

"Wow," said Rep. Frank Peterman, D-St. Petersburg. "That's pretty significant."

 

Peterman, whose children attend public schools, said lawmakers who are private school parents bring an important perspective to the debate about improving public schools. But there should be a "balance between those who believe in solid public school education vs. private," he said. 

 

Towson Fraser, spokesman for House Speaker Allan Bense, R-Panama City, said legislative seniority, geography and political party were the big factors in determining who got committee assignments - not personal school choice.

 

"One of the boxes was not, "Where do your kids go to school?' " Fraser said.

 

The Times survey also found:

 

Most lawmakers do not have children in school. Only 37 percent of House members and 33 percent of Senate members have school-age children.

 

Democrats with school-age children were more likely than Republicans - 44 percent to 37 percent - to have their children in private schools.

 

Lawmakers' children who are in public schools are more likely to be enrolled in A-rated schools than the population at large, 59 percent to 46 percent.

 

Surveys in other states have shown similar results.

In Texas last year, the Dallas Morning News found that 34 percent of state lawmakers with school-age children had at least one child enrolled in private school, and the Los Angeles Times found roughly the same percentage among California lawmakers in 2000. In 2001, a Heritage Foundation survey found that 47 percent of U.S. congressmen and 51 percent of U.S. senators with school-age children sent them to private schools.

 

Among Florida lawmakers, money is one reason for disproportionate private school enrollment. More than a quarter of lawmakers are attorneys. Nearly a third are millionaires.

 

Lawmakers with children in private schools offer multiple reasons.

Rep. Frank Farkas, R-St. Petersburg, said he chose a private school for his child because of its small class sizes and its location a few blocks from the family's house.

 

Baxley, the committee chairman, has a son at the public St. Augustine School for the Deaf and the Blind and a daughter at a Catholic school. She gets a solid religious education and more help for a reading disability, he says.

 

Rep. Ralph Arza, R-Hialeah, taught social studies and coached football in Miami-Dade public schools for 19 years. Now, two of his children are homeschooled by his wife, and another is at a Catholic school.

Arza, who chairs the House PreK-12 Committee, said that as a teacher, he was frustrated by the vast number of ninth-graders who couldn't read and the high percentage of minority students who drop out. His wife was fed up with the social environment at public schools, where too many kids curse and one of his daughter's friends wore a beeper in elementary school.

"She felt she could do a better job," he said.

 

Ultimately, those personal decisions factor into policy, said University of Virginia political scientist Larry Sabato.

 

"Oftentimes, the personal IS political," he said in an e-mail. "While I believe it is possible to send one's kids to private schools and still support the public school system, I doubt that the breadth and intensity of support would be the same." 

 

Some public school parents were less diplomatic.

 

Lori Lencioni, the PTSA president at Martinez Middle School in Hillsborough County, said she recently attended a fundraiser so that the school could renew the service contract for its copy machine.

Public schools "don't have the basic necessities," she said. "And these lawmakers are off in la-la land."

 

Even as some of their policies have frustrated public school parents, teachers and school districts, many lawmakers see themselves as reformers.

With Gov. Jeb Bush leading the way, Republican legislators have consistently downplayed the notion that there is a strong link between more money and better schools. Instead, they have highlighted higher standards, standardized testing and the competition created by vouchers and charter schools as keys to improving sluggish academic performance.

 

Some lawmakers said their experience with non-public schools was a plus, leading them to embrace the idea of giving more parents more options.

"Some of the policies we're passing say, "Hey, let's make sure everybody has access to the educational choices we have,' " said Stargel, who chairs the House Choice and Innovation Committee.

 

Other lawmakers said their personal education decisions are irrelevant.

Legislators often make decisions about issues to which they are not directly tied. Few of them are farmers, business owners or scientists, yet they weigh in on policies involving agriculture, business and the environment.

It's also true that some lawmakers who are private school parents are lauded as strong public school advocates.

 

Sen. Ron Klein, D-Boca Raton, is widely hailed by teachers for his role as a critic of Bush's education initiatives. And Sen. Lisa Carlton, R-Osprey, has been named Legislator of the Year by the Florida School Boards Association three of the past four years.

 

Cliff Roberts, the PTA president at Bevis Elementary in Hillsborough, said he doesn't begrudge lawmakers for choosing private schools, and he doesn't think that choice necessarily makes them less of an advocate for public schools.

 

But those lawmakers must do more homework than public school parents if they want to understand what's going on, he said.

"You lose touch if your children are not there," he said.

Roberts' stretch of east Hillsborough is represented by state Sen. Tom Lee and state Rep. Trey Traviesa, both Brandon Republicans. 

Both send their children to private schools.

 


 

 

 

Florida Alliance for Choices in Education (F.A.C.E)

If you no longer want to receive this mailing or you wish to unsubscribe from
F.A.C.E mailings, please send an e-mail with "Unsubscribe" in the subject line to mbenjamin@flace.org.